im电竞-基礎四國氣候變化部長級聯合聲明

中國武漢，2024年7月21日 1.2024年基礎四國氣候變化部長級會議在2024年7月21日于中國湖北省武漢市舉行。會議由中國生態環境部部長黃潤秋师长教师擔任主席，南非丛林、漁業及環境部部長迪翁 喬治博士，巴西氣候變化副部長安娜 托尼博士代表巴西環境及氣候變化部部長瑪麗娜 席爾瓦女士，印度環境、丛林及氣候變化部聯合秘書尼萊什 庫馬爾 薩师长教师代表印度環境、丛林及氣候變化部部長布潘德爾 亞達夫师长教师出席，中國生態環境部副部長趙英平易近师长教师主持會議。 2.部長們強調，氣候變化是我們所處時代最年夜挑戰之一。儘管面臨多重危機，包括地緣政治緊張局勢、全世界能源及糧食危機、通貨膨脹、饑餓及不服等加劇，以和全世界供應鏈擾動，部長們確認致力於多邊主義及國際互助，于消弭貧困及可持續發展配景下實現低碳及氣候韌性發展。 3.部長們強調周全、充实、有用地實施《聯合國氣候變化框架公約》（如下簡稱《公約》）和其《京都議定書》及《巴黎協定》的主要性。他們重申《巴黎協定》目標，即把全世界平均氣溫升幅节制于工業化前水準以上低於2℃之內，並努力將氣溫升幅限定于工業化前水準以上1.5℃之內，並重申《巴黎協定》實施將依據公允、配合但有區別的責任及各自能力原則，考慮差别國情。 4.于此配景下，部長們歡迎“阿聯酋共識”，包括《公約》第28次締約方年夜會（COP28）通過的《巴黎協定》初次全世界盤點的乐成结果。這一结果體現了締約方決心连结團結努力實現協定宗旨及長期目標，並強調需要緊急行動及增援以使巴黎溫度目標可和並于這個關鍵十年應對氣候危機。他們暗示增援“三駕馬車”夥伴關係，並堅定不移地致力於通過公開、透明、包涵、締約方驅動及協商一致的進程，于COP29及COP30上取患上乐成结果。 5.部長們承諾全力增援候任主席國亞塞拜然，並期待與所有其他締約方配合努力，使巴庫年夜會取患上乐成。他們強調，COP29的重要结果是設定由發達國家流向發展中國家的氣候資金新集體量化目標（NCQG），該目標將是發展中國家于2025年通報有大志的國家自立貢獻（NDC）及這十年強化氣候實施的關鍵推動力。部長們主張新目標必須推動解決氣候資金定義的未決問題，必須切合《公約》和其《巴黎協定》中氣候資金的定義，即發達國家有義務向發展中國家提供新的、額外的氣候資金增援，同時提供詳細的透明度摆设，以促進責任感、信托，並便於跟蹤實現目標數額的集體進展。部長們對發達國家試圖通過建議擴年夜出資者範圍淡化自身于國際法下的氣候資金法令義務暗示嚴重關切，這將使談判努力偏離氣候行動及力度焦点問題。基於發達國家落實大众資金贈款增援，部長們期待NCQG金額應當從每一年以十億美元為單位的量級增至數萬億級美元。 6.部長們期待乐成的COP29成立于COP28基礎上，併為COP30達成大志结果鋪平门路。他們歡迎並讚賞巴西于2025年舉辦COP30並擔任主席發揮的領導力。 7.為冲破氣候行動慣性，部長們重申通過于COP28到COP30和此後進一步落實基礎四國互助新願景，以強化基礎四國領導力的共識，包括：第一，加強基礎四國就國際氣候變化議程協調，重點關注《公約》下多邊氣候體制；第二，調動各國科學及學術對話；第三，擴年夜于可持續發展實施及項目方面的聯合行動與互助，特别是通過擴年夜新開發銀行（NDB）作用增援全世界南边可持續發展。 8.部長們歡迎巴西于2025年擔任“金磚+”主席國。作為“金磚+”成員，他們強調新開發銀行于擴年夜及加速發展中國家氣候行動方面的主要貢獻。他們讚揚新開發銀行于巴西南裏奧格蘭德州近来發生史无前例的特年夜洪災後，向該州提供了超過十億美元的堅定增援。他們認同這注解新開發銀行于加快多邊開發銀行（MDBs）鼎新中的獨专程位，為發展中國家提供更年夜、更好及更強勁增援。部長們強調，新開發銀行可以于國際金融架構底子性鼎新中發揮主要作用，這一底子性鼎新將賦能可持續發展及各國差别公道轉型路徑，並適配在落實大志勃勃且公允的氣候行動。 9.部長們重申將以國家自立決定的方式，根据《巴黎協定》原則及條款，提交其下一輪NDC的承諾。他們鼓勵各國積極響應“阿聯酋共識”结果。他們強調NDC應成為實現可持續發展目標的东西，並促進減輕國內及國家間不服等。部長們強調，当局間氣候變化專門委員會（IPCC）第六次評估報告提出，歷史排放量及世界碳空間使用並不公允，較其于全世界人口中佔比份額，發達國家歷史排放量更多。他們認同公允的減排行動必須以歷史責任、氣候正義、公道轉型，以和保護、維護及恢復生態系統需求為指導。 10.部長們對發達國家締約方2020年前減緩力度及落實差距暗示嚴重關切。他們憶和IPCC指出到2020年發達國家應當于1990年基礎上減排25%—40%，但並未實現。部長們對發達國家2030年及2050年減緩力度不足，和其氣候政策與行動倒退及自相抵牾暗示嚴重關切。部長們催促發達國家迅速彌補2020年前減排差距，重審並強化2030年NDC目標，並且顯著早在2050年，最佳到2030年實現溫室氣體凈零排放，隨後当即實現溫室氣體凈負排放。 11.部長們催促發達國家固守關於減排及氣候資金的法定承諾。他們留意到發達國家氣候資金核算存于纷歧致，這嚴重損害信托及法令確定性。部長們對迄今發達國家提供的增援不充实、不足額暗示關切，並催促發達國家根据多邊協商一致的氣候資金定義補齊1000億美元氣候資金承諾缺口。 12.考慮到氣候危機緊迫性，部長們呼籲發達國家承認其未能兌現承諾，並催促他們加強努力落實其和時充实為發展中國家提供及動員新的額外氣候資金的承諾，並且率先減排。部長們留意到，發達國家酿成的領導力空白凸顯了強化多邊主義、落實《公約》和其《巴黎協定》下義務的緊迫性。于政治不確定性及破裂持續加劇配景下，部長們承諾擔當全世界南边應對氣候危機、寻求可持續發展目標的穩定气力。 13.部長們呼籲全世界團結，確保沒有任何一個國家、处所或者者個體失隊。他們強調基礎四國願意並準備真誠貢獻最年夜努力，與所有國家互助應對氣候變化。他們進一步強調基礎四國堅定與全世界南边團結于一路。他們重申基礎四國作為發展中國家對“77國集團及中國”團結的承諾，並強調發展中國家間互助至關主要。他們重说明確增援現任主席國烏干達，以鞏固“77國集團及中國”團結，促進發展中國家配合好处。 14.部長們歡迎“阿聯酋共識”關於公道轉型路徑內容，這為全經濟及全社會公道轉型實現可持續發展描繪了願景，不讓任何國家及任何個體失隊。要實現這種包涵性及整體性方式，需要從國際、國內兩個維度確保氣候正義，重點是于可持續發展並解決貧困、饑餓、國內及國家間不服等框架下，為發展中國家提供實施手腕。 15.部長們強調應以公道、有序、公允的方式推進能源轉型，由各國自立決定，並考慮到差别發展階段、國情、路徑及要领，包括資源稟賦以和發展中國家的需乞降挑戰。他們留意到第一次全世界盤點结果中呼籲全世界努力到2030年將全世界可再生能源容量增長至三倍、全世界能效晋升年平均速度提高一倍。于此配景下，他們歡迎超過三分之二的風能及太陽能項目是于發展中國家建設的，基礎四國于實施並促進全世界氣候友爱技術成本降落方面展現了領導力。他們對一些發達國家的保護主義办法嚴重阻礙全世界綠色轉型表達關切。他們強調發達國家採取雙重標準，于其出口可再生能源時稱讚自身經濟競爭力，但同時批評基礎四國成绩。部長們還關切地留意到，最近几年來發達國家化石燃料生産及消費出現顯著增長，呼籲發達國家明確展現其能源系統正于率先轉型脫離化石燃料。 16.部長們強調，發展中國家受氣候變化倒霉影響最為嚴重，適應是當務之急，但被忽視且與減緩資源分配不平衡。他們催促到2024年發達國家集體向發展中國家締約方提供的氣候適應資金比2019年水準增长數倍，並制订透明度路線圖，以減緩與適應50：50比例分配NCQG，並從2026年1月開始實施。部長們歡迎“全世界氣候韌性框架”，包括就11個目標達成一致，為實現全世界適應目標（GGA）提供更細顆粒度目標。為實現這些目標而實施的所有行動，都應基於發達國家根據《公約》和其《巴黎協定》原則及條款向發展中國家提供的增援，特別是配合但有區別的責任及各自能力原則，並以大众資金為焦点，包括監測及評估發達國家根據發展中國家適應優先事項向其提供實施手腕增援的充实性及有用性。 17.部長們譴責一切情势的單邊主義及保護主義；重申為應對氣候變化採取的办法，包括單邊办法，不應成為對國際貿易肆意或者無理的歧視手腕或者者隱蔽限定；催促國際社會團結互助應對氣候變化；並重申加強及深化基礎四國于氣候行動與互助方面領導力和配合努力。部長們反對一些發達國家以氣候行動為藉口奉行歧視性、不公道的“碳邊境調節機制”，並決心配合努力確保發展中國家不受這些破壞多邊主義、威脅可持續發展單邊办法的倒霉影響。部長們呼籲發達國家終止扭曲貿易的補貼，包括針對農業、丛林及能源行業補貼，這些補貼對發展中國家可持續發展造成倒霉影響。 18.部長們指出，發展中國家提供了絕年夜多數關鍵礦産及稀土，這些資源對於現代經濟各方面都至關主要，包括向可再生能源轉型，並強調通過源頭選礦及創造當地價值鏈，使這些天然資源造福當地人平易近的主要性。部長們承諾配合努力確保可持續、負責任及公道的關鍵礦産價值鏈。 19.部長們強調，于全世界經濟下行及復蘇之際，基礎四國儘管面臨巨年夜發展挑戰及脫貧壓力，仍將繼續以身作則發揮領導力，並于務必實現可持續發展的年夜配景下，正于展示氣候行動的最高大志: 巴西將氣候變化从头定位為最優先事項，同時努力消弭饑餓、貧困及不服等。巴西堅定致力於加強多邊主義及全世界氣候管理。2024年從基礎四國夥伴印度的手中接棒擔任二十國集團（G20）主席國，以“建設一個公道的世界及可持續星球”為主題，成立了G20年度事情框架，將氣候變化解決方案納入前期鋪墊活動及金融軌道。来岁巴西將把G20主席轉交給基礎四國的另外一個夥伴南非。除了了環境及氣候可持續事情組外，巴西還提議建立“全世界動員應對氣候變化事情組”，以从头調整氣候行動及資金，尋求結構性解決方案。該事情組初次將交际部、財政部、氣候部以和中心銀行堆积于一路。作為COP30候任主席，巴西一直于與COP28及COP29主席互助推進“1.5任务路線圖”。2023年11月，巴西調整了其2030年NDC，將其減排目標提高到比2005年減排53%。自盧拉總統上任以來，巴西一直致力於“零丛林砍伐”，同時从头啟動了亞馬遜基金和《預防及节制法定亞馬遜及塞拉多地區丛林砍伐行動計劃》。2023年1月至12月，巴西實現了亞馬遜丛林砍伐減少50%，2024年1月至5月進一步減少了40.5%，僅這一項就防止約2.5億噸碳排放。近来的數據還顯示，2024年上半年塞拉多地區的丛林砍伐也減少了15%。巴西正于更新《恢復原生植被國家計劃》，以期到2030年恢復至少1200萬公頃的原生植被。于COP28上，巴西國家開發銀行發起了“恢復之穹頂”倡議，為到2050年恢復2400萬公頃亞馬遜丛林提供資金。2023年8月，巴西当局還宣佈了一項全經濟範圍的“生態轉型計劃”，該計劃將強化巴西對未來經濟增長、社會包涵及環境保護的願景。于巴西氣候基金下，已经發行了20億美元的綠色債券增援氣候行動，而2024年4月啟動的“巴西生態投資”倡議旨于創造結構性條件，吸引外國私家投資實施生態轉型。于能源領域，可再生能源今朝約佔巴西能源供應總量的50%及電力供應的90%。2022—2023年，巴西發電裝機容量增長9.4%，此中自然氣發電減少7.9%，燃油發電減少19.3%，火力發電呈明顯降落趨勢，同時太陽能發電增長68.1%，風電增長17.4%，這使患上發電産生的溫室氣體排放于一年內減少了6%。 中國堅定實施積極應對氣候變化國家戰略，致力於構建人類命運配合體，力爭在2030年前達到峰值，努力爭取2060年前實現碳中及。2012年以來，中國以年均3%的能源消費增速，支撐了超過6%的經濟增長。單位國內生産總值二氧化碳排放降落超35%，相當於少排放14億噸二氧化碳。截至2023年末，中國可再生能源裝機已经歷史性超過煤電，國內可再生能源裝機規模佔全世界約40%，佔全世界新增裝機50%以上。中國的水電、風電、太陽能發電、生物質發電及于建核電裝機均居世界第一。中國製造帶動全世界風電及光伏發電平均成本于過去十年間分別累計降落超過60%及80%。中國的新能源汽車保有量佔全世界一半以上。2023年中國的煤炭消費比重較2012年降落了13.2個百分點，並於近期啟動煤電低碳化革新。此外，中方還成立了全世界覆蓋溫室氣體排放量最年夜的碳市場，制订了《甲烷排放节制行動方案》《國家適應氣候變化戰略2035》，其丛林覆蓋率及蓄積量連續30年连结雙增長，成為全世界丛林資源增長至多最快的國家。同時，中國盡己所能開展應對氣候變化南南互助，包括為120多個發展中國家培訓2400余名氣候變化官員及技術人員。 印度堅信多邊主義，並積極幫助其他懦弱國家。印度啟動了“韌性島國基礎設施”計劃，旨于促進小島嶼發展中國家基礎設施資産的災害及氣候復原力。印度還于2019年發起了“抗災基礎設施聯盟”，以強化新建及現有基礎設施系統對氣候及災害風險的抵禦能力。印度在2015年發起了“國際太陽能聯盟”，成為通過全世界夥伴關係實施建設性全世界氣候行動的典範。“綠色電網倡議——统一太陽，统一世界，统一電網”也是印度在2021年發起的，是全世界第一個互聯太陽能電網的國際網路。“全世界綠色信貸倡議”由印度在2023年12月發起，旨于通過綠色信貸等各種倡議促進全世界互助與協作，實施及監測促進環境向好的行動。印度還與瑞典互助發起了“行業轉型領導小組”倡議，為難以實現溫室氣體減排的行業尋找創新解決方案，以促進自願的低碳轉型行動。2024—2026年“行業轉型領導小組”第二階段在2023年12月啟動。印度還發起了全世界“環境友爱糊口方式”運動，以促進看重環境意識的糊口方式，重點是提高資源使用意識。2024年3月于肯亞內羅畢舉行的第六屆聯合國環境年夜會通過了印度提出的關於“促進可持續糊口方式”的決議。印度于2024年6月5日世界環境日之際發起了“以母親的名義種一棵樹”運動。印度總理納倫德拉 莫迪呼籲全國人平易近以和全球人平易近種植一棵樹，向他們的母親致敬。 南非已经制订了具备廣泛影響的政策，以確保落實NDC目標。確保以公允及基於科學的方式應對氣候危機對於實現公道轉型至關主要，為此，南非正于資助一系列廣泛的研究、開發及創新計劃及办法，包括：全世界變化研究計劃和其相關項目及办法；海洋及南極戰略；南非風險及懦弱性地圖集；水資源及廢棄物的研究、開發及創新路線圖；生物經濟戰略；土著知識系統；太空子計劃下的地球觀測事情；氣候變化導致的多重災害預警系統；氫及燃料電池技術開發（氫能社會路線圖）；基於風能及太陽能地圖集詳細繪製的可再生能源資源圖；先進電池（儲能）倡議；多個關於實現迴圈經濟的計劃；以和水資源方面的重點研究。南非還制订了44個地區的氣候變化適應戰略，以推進处所層面的適應計劃，並對旅遊業、生物多樣性、海洋及海岸、採礦業、栖身區等關鍵部門進行風險及懦弱性評估。此外，南非議會通過了《氣候變化法》，此中包括為年夜型排放公司分配碳預算。南非于2019年通過並持續實施《碳稅法》，財政部正于考慮于下一個五年期提高稅率。于“綜合資源計劃”的指導下，南非通過五期招標新增了6.2吉瓦的可再生能源裝機，重點實施以電動汽車、電力及綠氫為要素的“公道能源轉型夥伴關係”。 20.部長們歡迎印度提議由其于印度主辦2028年《公約》第33次締約方年夜會及2025年基礎四國部長級會議。BASIC Ministerial Joint Statement on Climate ChangeWuhan China , July 21 20241. The 2024 BASIC Ministerial Meeting on Climate Change was held in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China on July 21 2024. The meeting was chaired by H.E. Mr. Huang Runqiu, Minister of Ecology and Environment of China, attended by H.E. Dr. Dion George, Minister of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment of South Africa; H.E. Dr. Ana Toni, Vice-Minister for Climate Change, on behalf of H.E Ms. Marina Silva, Minister of Environment and Climate Change of Brazil; and Mr. Neelesh Kumar Sah, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change on behalf of H.E. Mr. Bhupender Yadav, Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change of India, and moderated by H.E. Mr. Zhao Yingmin, Vice Minister of Ecology and Environment of China.2. Ministers emphasize that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. Despite the multiple crises including geopolitical tensions, global energy and food crises, inflation, growing hunger and inequalities, and disruptions to global supply-chains, Ministers confirmed their co妹妹itments to multilateralism and international cooperation towards low-carbon and climate-resilient development, in the context of eradication of poverty and sustainable development.3. Ministers underline the importance of a full, adequate, and effective implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement. They reaffirm the Paris Agreement temperature goal of holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 C above pre-industrial levels, and reiterate it will be implemented in accordance with the principles of equity, co妹妹on but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDR-RC), in the light of different national circumstances.4.In this context, Ministers welcome the UAE Consensus, including the successful outcome of the first Global Stocktake of the Paris Agreement, adopted at COP28, which reaffirmed Parties’ resolve to remain united in the pursuit of efforts to achieve the purpose and long-term goals of the Agreement, while emphasizing the need for urgent action and support to keep the Paris temperature goal within reach and to address the climate crisis in this critical decade. They expressed their support to the Troika Partnership and their unwavering co妹妹itment towards the successful outcomes at COP29 and COP30 through an open, transparent, inclusive, Party-driven, and consensus-based process.5.Ministers pledge their full support to the incoming Azerbaijani Presidency and look forward to working with all other Parties towards a successful conference in Baku. They highlighted that the main outcome of COP29 will be to set the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) on climate finance from developed to developing countries, as the key enabler for developing countries to co妹妹unicate ambitious nationally determined contributions (NDCs) in 2025 and for enhanced climate implementation in this critical decade. Ministers defend that the new goal must advance on fulfilling outstanding gaps on the definition of climate finance, consistent with the definition of climate finance in the Convention and its Paris Agreement, which obliges developed countries to provide new and additional climate finance support to developing countries, whilst providing detailed transparency arrangements, in order to facilitate accountability, trust and the tracking of collective progress in delivering the quantum. Ministers express deep concerns around attempts by developed countries to dilute their climate finance legal obligations under international law through suggestions of broadening the contributor base, which could deviate negotiation efforts from core issues for climate action and ambition. Based on delivery of grant-based public-funded support by developed countries, Ministers indicated their expectation that the quantum of the NCQG should shift from billions to trillions of USD per year.6.Ministers demonstrate their expectations that a successful COP29 will build on COP28 to pave the way for ambitious outcomes by COP30. They welcome and co妹妹end Brazil’s leadership to host and preside COP30 in 2025.7.To break inertia in climate action, Ministers reiterated their agreement to strengthen BASIC leadership, by further implementing their new vision on cooperation among BASIC from COP28 to COP30 and beyond that encompasses: firstly, enhancing BASIC coordination on the international climate change agenda, with a focus on the multilateral climate regime under UNFCCC; secondly, leveraging their countries scientific and academic dialogue; and, thirdly, expanding joint action and cooperation on sustainable development implementation and projects, in particular through the expansion of the role of the New Development Bank (NDB) in supporting sustainable development in the Global South.8.Ministers welcome the Brazilian presidency of BRICS+ in 2025. As fellow members of BRICS+, they highlight the key contribution of the NDB in scaling-up and accelerating climate action in developing countries. They praised the NDB for its steadfast support of over a billion USD to the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul following the recent extreme flooding of unprecedented proportions. They recognize this demonstrates the NDB’s unique position in speeding-up the reform of multilateral development banks towards providing bigger, better and bolder support to developing countries. Ministers emphasize the important role that the NDB can play towards the fundamental reform of the international financial architecture to enable sustainable development and the different just transitions pathways of countries and be fit-for-purpose to implement ambitious and equitable climate actions.9.Ministers reaffirm their co妹妹itment to submitting their next generation of NDCs under the Paris Agreement, in a nationally-determined manner and in accordance with the principles and provisions of the Paris Agreement. They encourage countries to respond positively to the outcomes of the UAE Consensus. They stress NDCs should serve as instruments towards the achievement of the sustainable development goals, while contributing to reducing inequalities within and among countries. Ministers underline that the historical emissions and the use of the world’s carbon space is not equitably distributed as assessed by the IPCC’s AR6, with developed countries emitting historically more emissions relative to their share of the global population. They recognize that equitable mitigation action must be guided by historical responsibilities, climate justice, just transitions, and the need to conserve, preserve and restore ecosystem .10.Ministers express serious concern over pre-2020 gaps in both mitigation ambition and implementation by developed country Parties. They recall the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change had indicated that developed countries should have reduced emissions by 25–40 per cent below 1990 levels by 2020, which was not achieved. They note with grave concern developed countries’ inadequate 2030 and 2050 mitigation ambitions, as well as the backtracking and incoherence in their climate policies and action. Ministers urge developed countries to urgently close pre2020 mitigation gaps, to revisit and strengthen the 2030 targets in their NDCs, and to achieve net-zero GHG emissions significantly ahead of 2050, preferably by 2030, and net-negative GHG emissions i妹妹ediately thereafter.11.Ministers urge developed countries to abide by their legal co妹妹itments on both mitigation and finance. They note the inconsistency of climate finance accounting by developed countries, which seriously jeopardizes trust and legal certainty. They express concern over the inadequate and insufficient support provided by developed countries so far and urge them to close the gap in their climate finance co妹妹itments of USD 100 billion in accordance with multilaterally-agreed climate finance definitions.12.In view of the urgency of the climate crisis, Ministers call on developed countries to recognize the failure to fulfill their co妹妹itments, and urge them to step up their efforts and fulfill their co妹妹itments on climate finance to provide and mobilize new and additional climate finance to developing countries in a timely and adequate manner, and take the lead in mitigation. They note the leadership void left by developed countries reinforces the urgency of strengthening multilateralism, and delivering obligations under the UNFCCC and its Paris Agreement. In the context of increased political uncertainty and divides, Ministers pledge to serve as a stabilizing force for the Global South in navigating the climate crisis in pursuit of sustainable development imperatives.13.Ministers call for global solidarity in ensuring that no country, place nor individual is left behind. They reiterate that BASIC is willing and ready to genuinely contribute its best effort and cooperate with all countries in addressing climate change. They further reiterate BASIC strong determination to show solidarity towards the Global South. They reaffirm the co妹妹itment of BASIC, as developing countries, to the unity of Group of 77 and China, and highlighted the importance of cooperation among developing countries. They reaffirm their unequivocal support for the current Ugandan Presidency, with a view to consolidating the unity of the Group of 77 and China and advancing the co妹妹on interests of developing countries.14.Ministers welcome the UAE Consensus on Just Transition Pathways, which provides a vision for all-of-economy and all-of-society just transitions to achieve sustainable development, leaving no country nor individual behind. Both the international and national dimensions of climate justice need to be addressed to achieve this inclusive and holistic approach, with an emphasis on enabling means of implementation for developing countries, in the context of sustainable development and of efforts to tackle poverty, hunger and inequalities within and among countries.15.Ministers emphasized energy transitions should be carried out in a just, orderly and equitable manner, being nationally determined, and taking into account the different stages of development, national circumstances, pathways and approaches, including resource endowments, as well as the needs and challenges of developing countries. They note the call for global efforts to triple renewable energy capacity globally and double the global average annual rate of energy efficiency improvements by 2030, as part of the outcome of the first GST. In this context, they welcome that more than two-thirds of all wind and solar projects are being undertaken in developing countries, with BASIC countries demonstrating leadership in implementation driving down costs of climate-friendly technologies globally. They express concern that protectionist measures by some developed countries seriously threaten the global green transition. They highlight the double-standard of developed countries by calling their own economies competitive when exporting renewable energy and at the same time criticizing the success of BASIC countries. Ministers also note with concern that there has been a significant increase in the production and consumption of fossil fuels by developed countries in recent years, and call them to clearly show they are taking the lead in transitioning away from fossil fuels in energy systems.16.Ministers underscore that developing countries are the most adversely affected by climate change and that adaptation is a key imperative though neglected with imbalanced allocation of resources compared to mitigation. They urge developed countries to increase multifold their collective provision of climate finance for adaptation to developing country Parties from 2019 levels by 2024, with a transparent roadmap to a 50:50 allocation of the NCQG on mitigation and adaptation, to be implemented from January 2026. Ministers welcome the Framework for Global Climate Resilience, including agreement on 11 targets that provide more granular targets to achieve the global goal on adaptation (GGA). The implementation of all actions towards these targets should be based on support provided by developed countries to developing countries in line with principles and provisions of the Convention and its Paris Agreement, in particular CBDR-RC, with public fund at its core, including to monitor and evaluate the adequacy and effectiveness of means of implementation support provided by developed countries to developing countries based on their priorities of adaptation.17.Ministers condemn all forms of unilateralism and protectionism; reiterate that measures taken to address climate change, including unilateral measures, should not constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade; urge the international co妹妹unity to cooperate in a united front to combat climate change; and reiterate their pledge to strengthen and deepen BASIC leadership and joint work in climate action and cooperation. Ministers rejected as discriminatory and unjust the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms planned by some developed countries under the pretext of climate action and resolve to work together to ensure that developing countries are not adversely impacted by these unilateral measures that undermine multilateralism and threaten sustainable development. They call developed countries to end trade distorting subsidies, including for the agricultural, forest and energy sectors, which adversely impact on the sustainable development of developing countries.18.Ministers note that developing countries provide most of the critical minerals and rare earths that are essential for all aspects of the modern economy, including the transition to renewable energy, and underscore the importance of these natural resources benefiting our people through beneficiation at source and creation of local value chains. They co妹妹it to working together to ensure sustainable, responsible and just value chains of critical minerals.19.Ministers highlight that despite the enormous developmental challenges and pressures of poverty eradication at a time of global economic downturn and economic recovery, the BASIC countries continue to lead by example and are demonstrating their highest ambition on climate action, in the context of their overarching sustainable development imperatives:Brazil has repositioned climate change as a topmost priority, alongside efforts to combat hunger, poverty and inequality. Deeply co妹妹itted to strengthening multilateralism and global climate governance, Brazil has received the presidency of G20 from India, a BASIC peer, by framing the group’s work in 2024 under the theme “building a just world and a sustainable planet,” which incorporates climate change solutions across both the sherpa and finance tracks. Brazil will pass on the G20 to South Africa, also a BASIC partner. In addition to the Environment and Climate Sustainability Working Group, Brazil has proposed the Task-Force on Global Mobilization Against Climate Change (TF-CLIMA) for resetting action and finance towards structural solutions. TF-CLIMA brings together for the first time Foreign, Finance and Climate Ministries and central banks. As incoming president of COP30, Brazil has been working with the COP28 and COP29 presidencies to advance the Road Map to Mission 1.5. In November 2023, Brazil adjusted its 2030 NDC to enhance its emissions reduction ambition to 53% compared to 2005. To support the implementation of Brazil’s NDCs and National Adaptation Plan (NAP), the Inter-ministerial Co妹妹ittee on Climate Change (CIM), relaunched in 2023, is working around the National Climate Plan, to consolidate the national strategy together with 7 sectoral plans on climate mitigation and 16 plans on adaptation. Since President Lula took office, Brazil has co妹妹itted to "zero deforestation," whilst also relaunching the Amazon Fund, the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Legal Amazon (PPCDAm) and in the Cerrado (PPCerrado). From January to December 2023, Brazil achieved a 50% reduction of deforestation in the Amazon, and a further reduction of 40.5% from January to May 2024, which alone have prevented around 250 million tons of carbon from being emitted. Recent data also show 15% reduction in deforestation in the Cerrado in the first semester of 2024. Brazil is updating its National Plan for the Recovery of Native Vegetation (PLANAVEG) for the recovery of at least 12 million hectares of native vegetation by 2030. At COP28, Brazil's National Development Bank (BNDES) launched the “Arc of Restoration” initiative for financing the recovery of 24 million hectares of Amazonian forest by 2050. In August 2023, the Brazilian government also announced an economy-wide "Ecological Transformation Plan," which consolidates the country's vision for a future of economic growth with social inclusion and environmental preservation. Under Brazil’s Climate Fund, 2 billion USD have been issued in green bonds to support climate action, while the “Eco Invest Brasil” initiative, launched in April 2024, aims at fostering structural conditions to attract foreign private investments for ecological transformation. In the energy sector, renewables currently represents around 50% of the country's total energy supply and 90% of its electricity supply. The installed electricity generation capacity in Brazil expanded by 9.4% between 2022 and 2023, with notable trends around a decrease in thermal generation from natural gas (-7.9%) and oil products (-19.3%), which was influenced by the increase in solar (+68.1%) and wind generation (+17.4%), resulting in a 6% reduction of GHG emissions from electricity generation in one year.China is dedicated to implementing the national strategy of actively addressing climate change and co妹妹itted to building a co妹妹unity with a shared future for humankind, aiming to peak its carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. Since 2012, China has supported an economic growth of over 6% with an average annual energy consumption growth rate of 3%. The carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP have dropped by more than 35%, equivalent to a reduction of 1.4 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions. By the end of 2023, China's installed capacity of renewable energy has historically surpassed that of coal power, with domestic renewable energy installations accounting for about 40% of the global total and more than 50% of the global new installations. The installed capacities of hydropower, wind power, solar power, biomass power, and nuclear power under construction all rank first in the world. China's manufacturing has led to a cumulative decrease of over 60% and 80% in the average costs of global wind and photovoltaic power generation, respectively, over the past decade. China's new energy vehicle ownership accounts for more than half of the global total. In 2023, the proportion of coal consumption in China decreased by 13.2 percentage compared to 2012, and China has recently initiated the low-carbon transformation of coal power. Additionally, China has established the world’s largest carbon market in terms of the volume of GHG emissions covered, and formulated the Methane Emission Control Action Plan and the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035. For 30 consecutive years, China's forest coverage and stock volume have both seen continuous growth, making it the country with the fastest and most significant increase in forest resources worldwide. At the same time, China is doing its utmost to promote South-South cooperation on climate change, including training more than 2,400 climate change officials and technical professionals from over 120 developing countries.India has taken strong, ambitious and decisive climate actions, while making poverty alleviation and sustainable development its priorities. India has reduced the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33% in 2019. Thereby, achieving its original NDC target of 2015, 9 years ahead of time as of 30th June 2023, and continues to now fulfil its updated co妹妹itment of emission intensity reduction by 45% by 2030. India continues to lead by example with several robust steps in renewable energy, planned urban development, sustainable habitats, creation of carbon sinks through additional forest and tree cover, transition to sustainable transport, e-mobility, etc. India's non-fossil fuel based installed capacity stands at more than 201.75 GW as of May 2024 which is 45.36% of its total installed capacity. India has created 1.97 billion tons additional sinks by 2021. These steps have led to steady fulfillment of India's NDC goals of 2030. India stands 4th, globally, in RE Installed Capacity (including Large Hydro), 4th in Wind Power capacity and 4th in Solar Power capacity. India is always a part of the solution and plays an affirmative role towards fighting climate change. India firmly believes in multilateralism and has been proactive in helping other vulnerable Nations. India launched the ‘Infrastructure for Resilient Island States (IRIS)’ that promotes disaster and climate resilience of infrastructure assets in Small Island Developing States. India also launched the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) in 2019 to promote resilience of new and existing infrastructure systems to climate and disaster risk. India launched the International Solar Alliance in 2015, as a prime example of constructive global climate action through global partnership. The Green Grids Initiative - One Sun, One World One Grid (GGI-OSOWOG) was also launched by India in 2021, as the first international network of global interconnected solar power grids. Global Green Credit Initiative was launched by India in December, 2023 to promote global cooperation and collaboration and implementation and monitoring of environment-positive actions through various initiatives like Green Credits. India has also partnered with Sweden on the Leadership Group on Industry Transition (LeadIT) initiative to find innovative solutions for hard-to-abate sectors with a view to promoting voluntary action for low carbon transition. Phase-II of the Leadership Group for Industry Transition (LeadIT 2.0) for 2024-26 was launched in December, 2023. India has also launched the global “Lifestyle for Environment” campaign to promote environmentally conscious lifestyle focusing on mindful and deliberate utilization of resources. Resolution on ‘Promoting Sustainable Lifestyles’, proposed by India, was adopted at the sixth United Nations Environment Assembly, held in Nairobi, Kenya in March 2024. India has launched the 'Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam' (One tree in the name of mother) campaign on the occasion of World Environment Day on 5th June 2024. Prime Minister Narendra Modi urged the people of the country as well as the world to plant a tree as a tribute to their mother.South Africa has approved wide-reaching policies to ensure that we can meet its NDC targets. To ensure an equitable and science-based response to the climate crisis, which is centrally important to just transition, it is funding a wide range of research, development and innovation (RDI) progra妹妹es and interventions. These include the Global Change Research Plan (GCRP) and its associated progra妹妹es and interventions; a Marine and Antarctic Strategy; the South African Risk and Vulnerability Atlas (SARVA); Water and Waste RDI Roadmaps; the Bio-economy Strategy; Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS); Earth Observation work under the Space Sub-Progra妹妹e; work on a climate-driven multi-hazard early warning system; the hydrogen and fuel cell technology development process (Hydrogen Society Roadmap), detailed mapping of renewable energy resources, via wind and solar atlases the advanced batteries (energy storage) initiative, and multiple progra妹妹es on moving towards a circular economy, and finally a strong research focus on water resources. It has also developed the 44 Districts Climate Change Adaptation Strategies to advance adaptation planning at the local level as well as the risk and vulnerability assessments for key sectors, Tourism, Biodiversity, Ocean and Coasts, Mining, Human Settlements. In addition, parliament has adopted the Climate Change Bill including allocation of carbon budgets for large emitting companies. A carbon tax has been implemented since 2019 when the Carbon Tax Act was passed. National Treasury is considering a higher tax rate for the next five-year period. Guided by its Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), South Africa has installed 6.2 GW of new renewable energy through five bid windows, and we are preparing to ramp up the next bid window significantly. The main focus is the implementation of the Just Energy Transition Investment Plan that focus on electric vehicle, electricity and green hydrogen20.Ministers welcomed the proposals of India to host UNFCCC COP33 in the year 2028 and the BASIC Ministerial Meeting in the year 2025 in India.-im电竞